Supply Chain Risk Management - 3278 Words

MGT 650 Term Paper Risks Associated with Supply Chain Management I. Introduction Companies face a myriad of risks throughout their supply chain. To properly manage these risks, companies must be able to clearly identify them in order to accurately manage and mitigate their impact. Broadly defined, risks can be divided into two general categories: general risks, which are faced by most companies regardless of the nature of the industry in which they operate or the nature of the goods or products they offer on the market, and industry-specific risks, which vary according to the industry in which a company operates. The following is a survey of the types of risks that can be classified within these two broad categories and some†¦show more content†¦This is especially true in today s marketplace where the increased use and power of information technology in particular has helped reduce process cycle times and increase the demands end consumers are placing on the products they purchase. In order to better synchronize supply and demand, a compa ny must have excellent visibility along the entire supply chain. Visibility means the company can accurately diagnose the current demand expressed by all constituents along the supply chain, especially that of the end consumer. To compliment this, information must be able to flow effectively, rapidly, and freely along the length of the chain, both upwards and downwards, in order to determine current actual demand. Moreover, the supply chain should incorporate triggers or responses that in place, automatically engaging whenever the supply chain becomes disrupted. This lends itself to the need for contingency planning expressed above under operational risks. Additionally, to better balance supply and demand, a company must coordinate its supply chain management (SCM) strategies with its customer-relations management (CRM) strategies. This is essential because SCM strategies often focus on economic metrics while CRM strategies often focus on customer feedback. Thus, if both strategies can be integrated to work in unison, the company should be able to develop aShow MoreRelatedThe Risks Of Supply Chain Management1354 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When it comes to supply chain management all business must be aware of the risk and best practices to prevent problems with their product. Neither the seller or buyer is immune to the risks of bad supply chain management. When it comes to cybersecurity, companies must be sure that their products do not have vulnerabilities that they are unaware of. This can lead to reduced sales, damaged reputation, and cost a significant amount of money in remediation. Supply Chain Risks As with all other industriesRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management6330 Words   |  26 PagesBusiness Services White Paper Supply Chain Risk Management: A Delicate Balancing Act A multi-faceted view on managing risk in a globally integrated enterprise Risk Management IBM Global Business Services Page  Table of Contents Risk and Consequence: Tales from the Industry Supply Chain Risk Categories Disruptive Events, Uncertainty and Impact Models and Methods for Supply Chain Risk Management Example of Risk Management for IBM’s Product Supply Chains An Approach for Measuring theRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Analysis1521 Words   |  7 Pages Uta Jà ¼ttner, (2005),Supply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. Supply chain risk management is an intersection of supply chain management and risk management. For this we need to understand the benefits and as well as the limitations of both the concepts. Supply chain risk is about any threat of interruption in the order of workings of the supply chain. This Risk is generated as result of risk ‘drivers’ that are internal or externalRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Performance1422 Words   |  6 PagesDemand management performance, referring to the extent to which a firm is capable to fulfill its customer’s orders efficiently and effectively, has become one important indicator of a firm’s overall performance (Cachon and Fisher 2000; Heikkila 2002; Xu et al.2003). The demand management process is concerned with balancing the customer’s requirements with the capabilities of the supply chain. This includes forecasting demand and synchronizing it with production, procurement, and distribution capabilitiesRead M oreSupply Chain Risk Management Plan1299 Words   |  6 Pages(2005),Supply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. â€Å"Supply chain risk management is the process of identifying, assessing and controlling threats to an organization s capital and earnings that are caused by the organization s Supply Chain.  Companies with supply chain risk management plans in place typically place a chief risk office(CRO) in charge of overseeing the effectiveness of the organization s supply chain management strategyRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Analysis Essay3068 Words   |  13 Pages SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT Intro: It is too difficult to give one and distinctive definition of Supply Chain Risk management (SCRM). Indeed, Sodhi, Son, and Tang (2012) begins their findings with the similar fact that ‘there is no clear consensus on the definition of SCRM (because some restrict the scope of SCRM to rare but large impact events while other authors believe that SCRM is about demand-supply uncertainties. 1/3rd of their analysis did not just show that respondents took a probabilisticRead MoreRisk Management : A Global Supply Chain1796 Words   |  8 Pages Research Paper: Risk Management in a Global Supply Chain Week 7 Research Paper/TLMT441 D001 Sum 14 Jerry King/Student ID: 4074738 Professor Little â€Æ' Abstract Risk management is a critical component to the success of any supply chain, yet this is still an area that sees little forward movement. In many organizations, risk management is viewed more as a reactive department, only becoming operational when a significant disruption arises in contrast to being an active and continual departmentRead MoreThe Risk And Benefits Of Outsourcing Supply Chain And Risk Management Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages The Risk and Benefits of Outsourcing Supply Chain and Risk Management. How Boeing 787 Supply Chain Issues Affected Other Industries? Debates between business professionals regarding risk and benefits of outsourcing is becoming increasingly heated with particular focus on risks as unanticipated costs, potential for setbacks, integration difficulties, quality or benefits as minimize overall cost, focus on other business area, meet customer demand and flexibility. However, being prepared, doneRead MoreAn Empirical Analysis Of Supply Chain Risk Management1692 Words   |  7 PagesHoenig in the paper titled â€Å"An empirical analysis of supply chain risk management in the German automotive industry† applied the practices of supply chain risk management by surveying sixty-seven manufacturing plants in German automotive industry. The need of real empirical research in supply chain risk management to help analyzing supply chain risk and test the previous research proposed instruments that can be applied for supply chain risk management was the motivation of this work. In this paper, theRead MoreRisk Management of Mass Customization in Supply Chain Management4280 Words   |  18 PagesRisk management of Mass customization in Supply Chain Management Ching-Hua Huang, Cai Wei, Lam Shan Kong, Ching-Hsin Lee, Po-Chun Chen, Faculty of Business, Economics amp; Law, University of Queensland, Australia Key words: Risk management, Supply chain, Mass customization Abstract Companies nowadays have faced critical issues on managing the supply chain system and how to make it work smoothly is the main goal that is willing to pursue. This article is going to identify the risks

Essay about Marijuana - 807 Words

Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. A dry, shredded greenish brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, usually is smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe. It also is smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, often in combination with another drug. As a more concentrated form it is called hashish and as a sticky black liquid, hash oil. There are countless street terms for marijuana including pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, ganja, and hash. The main active chemical in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, also†¦show more content†¦Research findings for long-term marijuana use indicate some changes in the brain similar to those seen after long-term use of other major drugs of abuse. One study has indicated that a user’s risk of heart attack more than quadruples in the first hour after s moking marijuana. Researchers suggest that such an effect might occur from marijuana’s effects on blood pressure and heart rate and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Even infrequent use can cause burning and stinging of the mouth and throat, often accompanied by a heavy cough. Someone who smokes marijuana regularly may have many of the same respiratory problems that tobacco smokers do, such as daily cough and phlegm production, more frequent acute chest illness, a heightened risk of lung infections, and a greater tendency to obstructed airways. Smoking marijuana increases the likelihood of developing cancer of the head or neck, and the more marijuana smoked the greater the increase. A study comparing 173 cancer patients and 176 healthy individuals produced strong evidence that marijuana smoking doubled or tripled the risk of these cancers. Marijuana use also has the potential to promote cancer of the lungs and other parts of the respiratory tract because it contains irritants and carcinogens. In fact, marijuana smoke contains 50 to 70 percent moreShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Cons Of Marijuana And Marijuana1449 Words   |  6 PagesEmma Biggs/Regalia Political Studies 22 October 2014 The Cons of Cannabis Although it is a highly common defense that marijuana is not addictive, it in fact is. Many regular smokers find themselves ridden with very similar withdrawal symptoms of a tobacco addict (Marijuana Addiction Symptoms and Effects). Around 9% of people who use find themselves dependent on marijuana (Is Marijuana Addictive?). That may not seem like much, but that is almost 1 in every 10 people hooked on a drug that is supposedlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana For Marijuana2792 Words   |  12 PagesThe legalization of marijuana in America Overview Issue The new events of legalizing marijuana for recreational use has increased controversy in the United States, those against it say it was bad enough before when it was merely allowed for medicinal use and now that these new laws and rules are really infuriating those who are against it. However on the flip side people are also arguing that now that it is allowed for recreational use people it will lessen crime rates, related to selling and buyingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesof medical marijuana. However, the amount of licensed medical marijuana card holders was small until 2009, when the U.S Attorney General gave the prosecution and legalization of marijuana over to the states. After this, the number of medical marijuana licenses increased greatly in Colorado. Then, in 2012, the sale of recreational marijuana was legalized in Colorado, to all those over the age of 21, and retail stores began selling marijuana in 2014 (Monte). Public opinion on Marijuana is generallyRead MoreMarijuana Laws Restrict The Growth And Use Of Marijuana1513 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is â€Å" the dried leaves and female flowers of the hemp plant, used in cigarette form as [a] narcotic or hallucinogen.†(â€Å"Marijuana†) In the 17th century, marijuana production was encouraged and supported by U.S. legislation. Later, â€Å"during the 19th century,[marijuana] use became a fad in France and also, to some extent, in the U.S.†(â€Å" Marijuana Timeline†). During the 1920’s and 1930’s, the drug raised fears linked with illegal immigrants and criminal activity. (â€Å"Marijuana Timeline†). ThenRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana862 Words   |  3 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana, is a plant which when consumed has psychoactive effects. It is believed to have been first used in the 3rd millennium BCE in what is now modern-day Romania (Rudgley). Throughout history, it has been known to b e used during rituals and ceremonies, becoming an important aspect of numerous cultures. It has become illegal to possess, sell or use marijuana in various countries beginning in the 20th century, despite that it’s used quite commonly. According to a UnitedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is not a recent discovery, but the mysteries surrounding the controversial topic in question remains to be disputed since its prohibition. Classified as an illegal substance, cannabis has been restricted in Canada and around the world. Marijuana is a complex drug and its contradictory claims of medical purposes, and harmful destruction, fuel the debate on whether or not the legal constraints of consuming marijuana should be reconsidered. In consideration of academicRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana628 Words   |  2 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Marijuana, the plant of the cannabis, has been around since the early 1900’s. Throughout history, marijuana has been used illegally, for both recreational and medical uses. Recently, marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes, like aiding HIV/AIDs patients, healing migraines and controlling nausea caused by chemotherapy. Today, there are currently 21 American states that have legalized medicinal marijuana including two states that have legalized recreational marijuana. SinceRead MoreThe Origns of Marijuana726 Words   |  3 Pages Coca, and Poppy). Therefore, Marijuana should be removed from the criminal justice system. Legalizing and regulation marijuana can bring cash crop under the criminal justice law, bring in jobs, medical use, and overall create economic opportunities to The United States of America. There has been reports of marijuana being less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. According to the British research foundation two deaths worldwide can be directly caused by marijuana, yet 150,000 people die from alcoholRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1953 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Legalized Marijuana Josh Raabe Mountain Lake Christian School Abstract This paper will look at the benefits and drawbacks to legalizing marijuana by looking in at Colorado.The state made forty million dollars by taxed marijuana in 2014 alone, also Colorado saved countless millions because of the extremely lower amounts of marijuana arrest and court cases. It is not clear how having new recreational marijuana stores opening will affect the cannabis market, or businesses

Trans Pacific Partnership A Free Trade Agreement

The Trans-Pacific Partnership, also known as the TPP is a free trade agreement that is among 12 countries including Canada. This trade agreement is for the 21st century. The deal is between Australia, United States, Brunei, Peru, Singapore, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico, Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam. According to this, the agreement covers 40% of the world’s economy. The TPP’s effective goals are to improve trade, investment, economic growth, job creation, development, and innovations through the partnership with the countries. However, in Canada, the Trans-Pacific Partnership is known to be the largest trade but also larger than the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) yet, the Trans-Pacific Partnership is the most impressive free†¦show more content†¦The Trans-Pacific Partnership provides many benefits for people, one being it opens paths for employment opportunities. However, many trade economists consider trade agreements do not change the number of job s although they change for the types of jobs. The TPP would determine to create over 650,000 new jobs with increased income. Hence, as the income increases, there will be a reduction in prices on purchased goods. Despite that, the more productive the trade is it would lead to more effective jobs with raised incomes yet, not increasing the number of less effective jobs. In addition, the TPP is expected to lower trade and investment boundaries that will permit competitive corporations to move into new markets, hire workers at better but lower wages, reduce prices, and improve the range of quality of goods and services that is accessible to households and other companies. This free trade agreement compromises with the most preferred significance in every state that are involved in the TPP by considerately creating more jobs offshore with lower wages. Thus, this will be better at reflecting values along with protecting workers. The TPP will spread the incentives to offshore more employm ent opportunities in foreign countries. Hence, this agreement would make it no trouble for businesses to offshore jobs and push down earnings through forcing to compete

Forensic Accounting The Field Of Accounting - 1585 Words

The field of accounting goes deeper than the general business field and requires specialized actions. Accounting is the systematic and comprehensive recording of financial transactions pertaining to a business. This system can contain various steps, procedures, and processes that led you to your final results. Some of these various types of accounting include tax, managerial, financial, governmental, private, and forensic accounting. So as you can see, even in this extremely specialized field you can participate and work in various accounting sectors. Today, we will focus on the topic of forensic accounting which is not only a newer field of accounting but has very intriguing concepts and reasons to why it was created. So while exploring the many facets of forensic accounting we will study multiple topics such as: what is forensic accounting and how it was created, and what individuals or groups use this type of accounting. We will even discover the history of forensic accounting, sk ills need to work in this field, and the industries served through this process. Finally, a better understanding of this topic will come from examining U.S. cases and investigations, and also how the federal government can choose to intervene in forensic accounting. To fully understand this topic it is important to define what forensic accounting is to learn how the field was established. â€Å"Forensic-accounting can involve the application of special skills in accounting, auditing, finance,Show MoreRelatedForensic Accounting : A Relatively New Field1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction While accounting has always been widely practiced, forensic accounting is a relatively new field. Forensic accounting is the use of accounting to extract information from financial documents to prove fraud or embezzlement in the court of law. It involves identifying, recording, and extracting financial data while using a variety of direct and indirect analysis methods. In recent years, the profession has gained attention for its role in stopping both terrorists and corporations fromRead MoreForensic Accounting1628 Words   |  7 PagesFORENSIC ACCOUNTING MORE THAN JUST NUMBERS The field of accounting is no longer just for those who enjoy crunching numbers. Preparing financial statements, internal auditing, and tax accounting are only the tip of the iceberg. In today s society of the money hungry, the sue happy, and the financially unfit, a new breed of accountant; the Forensic Accountant has emerged. Although Investigative Accounting has been around for years, it has only recently begun to transform into the scienceRead MoreForensic Accounting Research Proposal647 Words   |  3 PagesRESEARCH PROPOSAL 1. Scope of Research Forensic Accounting and Financial Criminology 2. Proposed Research The Needs of Good Forensic Accounting Skills in Public Sector Working Environment 3. Research Background Forensic accounting may not be a new field in accounting. However it becomes so important recently and has been an interest to various stakeholders, from the government, investors, and practitioners to regulatory bodies. In public sector, the incrementRead MoreEssay on A Career in Forensic Accounting947 Words   |  4 PagesForensic Accounting There are many different avenues that one could take in the field of accounting. It is a lucrative career with many areas of interest to be followed. I have chosen Forensic Accounting to further review and research. This paper will define forensic accounting, describe what it takes to be a forensic accountant, give some statistics about forensic accounting, and give my feedback on this potential career path. Forensic accounting is the use of investigative and analytical skillsRead MoreForensic Accounting and Your Organization1185 Words   |  5 PagesForensic Accounting and Your Organization 1 Running Head: FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: WHAT IT CAN DO FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION Forensic Accounting: What It Can Do For Your Organization Kira Bailey Dr. Harper BUS 520 Strayer University Charleston, SC Forensic Accounting and Your Organization 2 ABSTRACT Forensic accounting is the application of financial skills and an investigative mentality to unresolved issues, conducted within the context of the rules of evidenceRead MoreThe Career Field Of A Forensic Accountant Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the career field I plan to go into after college. The following information informs you about what must be done in order to become a Forensic Accountant and how life is as a Forensic Accountant in today’s society. Introduction I was asked to research a job in the career field I plan to work in after graduating, then write an informal report on the information I gathered. The job I chose for my report is a Forensic Accountant. A Forensic Accountant is when one uses accounting skills to investigateRead MoreThe Role and Responsibilities of a Forensic Accountant1605 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Accounting skills are useful for companies and individuals who are trying to maximize their profits and maintain a competitive advantage, but forensic accounting can help bring justice and peace of mind for many others by illuminating financial processes that can help explain criminal actions and behaviors. The purpose of this essay is to describe the five most important skills a forensic accountant may possess in order to become successful. This essay will describe each one of theseRead MoreThe Role of Accounting in Business Society631 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Accounting in Business and Society According to Merriam-Webster the full definition of accounting is the system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions and analyzing, verifying, and reporting the results. An accountant is one who is skilled in the practice of accounting or who is in charge of public or private accounts. (http://www.merriam-webster.com, n.d.) Someone who has obtained a bachelor’s degree in accounting can pursue many different accounting career fieldsRead More Foensic Accounting Essays874 Words   |  4 PagesFoensic Accounting Corporations are often the victims of the most common white-collar crimes that occur in corporate America. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (cfenet.com), â€Å"abuse and fraud by employees cost U.S. organizations more than $400 billion annually†¦[which equals] $9 per employee per day.† These statistics show the corporate need for forensic accountants, there also is an immense demand for these specialized accountants in the private sector. For exampleRead MoreFinancial Crimes1610 Words   |  7 PagesRobertson, Wells, 2006). An understanding of effective fraud and forensic accounting techniques can assist forensic accountants in identifying illegal activity and discovering and preserving evidence. Forensic accounting is a science that deals with the application of accounting facts gathered through auditing methods and procedures to legal problems usually dealing with financial and valuation issues (Grippo, 2003). Forensic accounting investigates an allegation where the results are presented in

Disolving stress living The Present Free Essays

Stress is the emotional, mental and physical response to the ever changing environment; in an attempt to adapt to the new outer circumstances, the person produces stress. Stress itself is not good neither bad, since our bodies are designed to produce stress. I keep us alert and active. We will write a custom essay sample on Disolving stress living The Present or any similar topic only for you Order Now The problem starts when we cross the limit of disturbance and make it chronic; this is when we feel stress about situations that don’t require such an alterative state of mind. Stress is present in our society, especially in the big cities and capitals where is aggravated by the noise, traffic and long distances. Stress can be cause by anything that requires a person to adjust to a new situation and this depend on how every person takes an event, since every human being is unique, there are so many ways of experiencing stress and the causes that can produce it. In a certain way, stress is necessary to live, but if not controlled; it can disturb seriously the person who suffers it. Young women face higher risks of stress, especially the working ones but it seems the damaging effects of stress on them is minimised by the fact that they speak out about it; on the contrary, men seem to keep it for themselves. Lately it seems stress is starting to affect even children and teenagers; some suggest they may be â€Å"learning† it from their parents. Also, White race seems more sensitive to stress than Black and Asian race and the more educated is a person, the more stress can experience. For stress management has nothing to do with intellectual learning but experimental, is an attitude towards life. Maybe the reason is that the most educated have a very high sense of must, while the non- educated is not aware of the opportunities that is missing (not involved in the rat race). Personally, what I learnt about stress is that is almost impossible to get rid of it by itself, is necessary to apply consciousness in order to become calmer, quieter, try to live the moment and not live in the future nor in the past but let life just to unfold itself, day by day, and solve the issues that the moment brings, when they come to light (not try to solve them in mind before they happen). In order to review the literature on stress and describe both the processes and sources of stress, as well as methods for coping, a literature search was conducted which identified 3 studies that were relevant to the questions in this paper, one of them about the work related stress, another on relation between mindfulness and stress and another on relation between breast cancer and stress. RESULTS Stress could be then thought of as an exaggerated reaction of the body that acts upon an external circumstance on a non proportional way. It causes emotional suffering to the person who carries it and it can even develop in depression. The physiological reactions are nervousness physical upsetting, tiredness, etc.. Therefore, meditation proves very successful in the treatment of stress. Also, a realistic view of life can help, avoiding living on desires or sheer of imagination. Also Bach flowers may help without having to suffer any side effects. How to cite Disolving stress living The Present, Papers

An Introduction to Early Childhood Studies

Question: Part One You will need to look at the Part One Resources and use these with other reading and sources to support a 2000 word piece on children starting school:Introduction (150 words): Introduce the main points and topics that your piece will cover, so that the reader knowswhat to expect from your assignment and you have set the scene for them. What is your argument about why children starting school is an important issue? Part Two A critical reflection on the topic that you have chosen. Use the 5 sources you have identified in Part Two A as a basis, and supplement with other reading and literature. Answer: Introduction Families are an important source for children by making them feel secure so that the child learns by eliminating any anxiety of life. For children excluding home school is an important place for enriching their lives (Anning et al., 2004). This experience provides an insight on social, occupational future and academic future of child. So, a child needs to be handled carefully by encouraging and preparing them for the school. In the above context, starting school is an exciting activity for both parents and children but at the same time it could be daunting too. Children in the starting school is the biggest issue for the as this transition in childs life is the most remembered in their life. On the basis of this a childs love for education it is inculcated for making most of the use of it the most. The most crucial is to provide emotional support and engaging with teachers for their betterment. Reflections The article by Action for children establish the fact that parents are stumping upon the issue that their children should be developed till age 5 before the school starts. When the survey was conducted for 1000 parents it was found that 63% parents seemed to be worried if their children were behind in receiving education before their peers (Actionforchildren, 2016). This would impact them later in future in finding suitable job themselves and performing well in education. The second article from BBC News focuses on the issue of summer born children by arguing on the fact that should their education is delayed. The impact is upon receiving education as these babies cannot cope up with class as they born in summer months. This is hampering their education level as they do not understand it from the starting level. This means low level of job attainment as education is the base so, the parents have requested to forward the admission procedure next year. The third article title from Research Briefings on summer born children emphasis upon Special Education Needs (SEN) for development when compared to normal age group (Long, 2016). The decision making for educating the child should be rightly taken to send them till age of five or not. The attainment level of each child is different so the parents have to understand their needs. This article is about leaving age for children outside the normal age and will receive education till they are 16 years of age. The fourth resource is starting school age in European countries that states that in England the age is staring right from their fifth birthday. This can be in January, September or April and if they reach their age in between September to March they need to attend reception class. This effect the children development as the child needs to be fully developed for attaining it. The fifth resource is by NHS is about the impact of first day schooling on parents and children as it can be both tiring and tough (Nhs, 2015). The first day might make the child quite frightening as it is a complete change in environment. Hence, the parents must make sure to make adjustment accordingly by talking with the teachers beforehand as this affects that parents are there to support them. The feelings have to be understood in first weeks by communicating and make sure that the teachers are completely engaged. The sixth resource is from University of Cambridge that emphasis on the concept of changing the education age for formal learning in schools. In existing mode the present age is 4 years for attaining the literacy level so this needs to be extended. In comparison to New Zealand education system the literacy level is starting from the age between 5 to 7 years. This change is made so that it does not impact reading development skills in humans for betterment of future. The last piece of writing poor students should be admitted in school from the age of two by BBC News puts light on accessibility issue. This would impact positively as when the teachers are trained they would be able to provide support to children (Richardson, 2015). Their needs are not being addressed by working on the basics of education system i.e. primary level. The children who are disadvantaged are being offered help by government that would reduce the inequality by making each child educated. Factors Impacting Children Starting School When children start schooling various factors affect them in the first level and they are: Political Factors The early childhood education helps in getting the jobs before the time as the children will pass out from the school at earliest. This helps the employer as individuals get into work faster so that they into workforce at the earliest (Anning et al., 2004). As in England fifth birthday is admission age that is affecting the education system as it is lowest in comparison to other countries as they are entering the school at the age of six. The talk is about changing the education system by one year as in September cut off the children are forced or they are younger while still are other is reception. Similarly, it is good for summer born children as their age is delayed as for children born between 1 April and 31 August is allowed for reception year (Weale, 2015). This is done to provide equal opportunity for educating children by working on child interest. Historical Factors The early years education in historical perspective states that in 18th century it was based upon philanthropic and voluntary. The education system was not structured and no formal training was provided to children. With the Education Act 1870 change cropped in elementary schools till 5 years of age and it was compulsory for individuals aged between 5-13 years. As the years pass five women were admitted to Board of Education for making investigation on curriculum and admission related to infants. The education was changed in 1972 with White Paper framework for expanding the education system (Kwon, 2002). The paper compromised that school providing nursery education for 3 to 4 year olds belongs to the Foundation stage till 6 year old. Ideological factors The education level of parents should be as per the standard set so that they could train their children well. The attitude of the parents has to be positive for making their child entering the school and working on the safety. In relation to riding, playground for performing the work assignment and for disabled children the services provided has to be as per the need. Child Development Good wellbeing and health is an essential component in child development that helps in being gaining the education faster (Scott and Ward, 2005). In child development parent act as an important role model as the relationship between them in early years affect development process. This not only involves parents but also with other professional like teachers in school. It affects the child emotional outcome by making it strong in varied practices in aspects of intellectual, social, physical health and educational perspective. Parenting is also a big factor as the style for engaging them should develop their behavioral and cognitive attributes. The rules implied on child should be warmth and cohesiveness by having a consistency in approach by being clear. The external factor is the environment that should be under control of parents as it affects the child character by developing it significantly (Henry, 2005). Parents act as the first guidance and school is second here they feel should feel safe and secure. The children should be free of bullying as it impacts their academic performance that is the strongest factor affecting wellbeing. The social and physical environment that a child spends affects their mental and physical health that has negative effect on education attainment. With this sleep is a psychological factor that develops brain as putting the child in bed following proper routine is must by having a systematic routine. For a child in early years nutrition is must as teaching them healthy eating habits by eating variety of foods in their diet by their parents (Sanders and Kirby, 2014). On the other hand, theories for children starting school are various and some of them are: Social Constructivism The theory was developed by Vygotsky by supporting children culturally and with the inter-psychological theory for developing it effectively. The focus is on social interaction with children with 5 years of age. Cognitive Theory This learning is fostering from the community by imitating it as the interaction between peers and teachers. Behaviorism Theory The imitation of actors and actress shown in films is having behavior change by working as per the environment by reinforcement tool. In early education using dialogues, chanting key phrases and taking right measures by incorporating behavior for making them excel in both personal and academically (Henry, 2005). Present Practice and Policy For every individual policies and programmes should be made same applies for children starting their school. This will impact their education attainment so the various practices underpinning it are given below: Families and Fast Together FAST is a programme that brings together teachers, children and parents in a community by supporting the young to fulfill their dreams in life and school. This connection is stronger as the parents with communities and schools to make sure that they perform best in their school. National Child Measurement Programme This framework is established by UK government on child obesity under the Department of Health (DH) and Public Health England (PHE) in 2006 (Noo, 2016). The children in between 4-6 years of age i.e.in reception have to measure their weight and height by informing it to local services. It helps in engaging them in undertaking active and healthy lifestyle. Free Early Years Education This policy is applicable for 3-4 years old in which annually the child receives 570 hours of free education and in a week it comes to around 15 hours. This means 38 weeks/year and in some cases for 2 years old as well. This 2 year old will receive free education when anyone of the following is undertaken: Universal credit Support and Employment Allowance (ESA) Support income (Gov, 2016) Guarantee towards State Pension Credit Having an yearly income under 16,190 and having tax credits Professional Association for Childcare and Early Years (PACEY) This body is about making the child ready for their school by supporting the family with information by reassurance and supporting them. The survey conducted by PACEY states that 48% of parents are anxious about starting school and 71% parents are starting school in September. It is both for parents as this transition is big in their life that is exciting and daunting as well. Similarly, for childcares professional carer as the responsibility being preparing the child in their first weeks and creating the base for foundation base (Pacey, 2015). Future Practice and Policy Right to education is the basic requirement of all children. The participation of all students in schooling is essential for inclusive education. Restructuring the culture, practices and policies in schools are ensured by inclusive education. The main purpose of implementing inclusive education in school is determining enhanced response to the diversity of students in their locality. In order to enable inclusive practices there are certain conditions required to enable inclusion like, consciousness on the part of the parent regarding the childrens right to education. Another mentionable required condition is, with the help of childrens and parents view informs the school management. From a marginalized group recruitment of the teacher is another required condition (eenet, 2008). In terms of progressing through school not preventing children with examinations, fees or other barriers are also essential for inclusion. In order to ensure that the children can attend the school instead of working meting the basic needs of the family plays crucial role in inclusive practices. If schools are near the childrens home, it becomes easy for them to access it and they remain physically safe this in turn increases the level of inclusion. On the part of the children and adults it is essential to not discriminate against those who are different in order establish effective imple mentation of inclusive practices (eenet, 2008). Hence, if the above conditions are followed effectively then inclusive practices can be efficaciously formulated and executed. Alternatively, the barriers associated with children when they will start their school are varied in nature. This can be a hindrance when parents are disabled by having difficulty in communicating and effective relationship building. This creates communication barrier and development of negative attitude in children. Similarly, the socio-economic status of parents may act as a barrier by not being able to afford childcare, availability and accessibility of work is not compatible with caring responsibilities and lack of confidence, qualification and experience. For instance when a child is unable to cope up with course curriculum he will perform poor work and behavior too (Mottely and Randall, 2009). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be said that children at their starting school need the right to be educated. The UK government is making an attempt to provide the early years education to all children so that no one is left behind. Children are flexible and adaptable as what they are taught by parents and teachers they perform the same work. When children are starting school they should be motivated and encouraged by providing emotional support as it is the basis of education in long term. A crucial source is communicating with the child for understanding their feelings and emotions and working accordingly (Persky and Golubchick, 2004). In child development ideological, historical and political factors governs it with various programmes and policy underpinning the facts. For their development physical and mental health both is equally important for their growth by involving them in physical activity too. Hence, children starting school is important for their whole life for joining the workforce early in job. Part 1Reference List Actionforchildren.org.uk. (2016). Three in five UK parents worry their children are not ready to start school | Action for Children. [online] Available at: https://www.actionforchildren.org.uk/news-and-blogs/whats-new/2016/april/three-in-five-uk-parents-worry-their-children-are-not-ready-to-start-school/ [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Anning, A., Cullen, J. and Fleer, M. (2004). Early childhood education. London: SAGE. eenet.org.uk. (2008). Making Schools Inclusive. [online] Available at: https://www.eenet.org.uk/resources/docs/Making%20schools%20inclusive%20SCUK.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Gov.uk. (2016). Help paying for childcare - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/help-with-childcare-costs/free-childcare-and-education-for-2-to-4-year-olds [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Henry, N. (2005). Early childhood education. 3rd ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Kwon, Y. (2002). Changing Curriculum for Early Childhood Education in England. Early Childhood Research and Practice, [online] 4(2). Available at: https://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n2/kwon.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Long, R. (2016). Summer-born children: starting school. House of Commons Library. [online] Available at: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7272/CBP-7272.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Mottely, J. and Randall, A. (2009). Early education. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Nhs.uk. (2015). Your child's first day at school - Pregnancy and baby guide - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/starting-school.aspx [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Noo.org.uk. (2016). National Child Measurement Programme :: Public Health England Obesity Knowledge and Intelligence team. [online] Available at: https://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Pacey.org.uk. (2015). Being school-ready. [online] Available at: https://www.pacey.org.uk/working-in-childcare/spotlight-on/being-school-ready/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Persky, B. and Golubchick, L. (2004). Early childhood education. 3rd ed. Lanham: University Press of America. Richardson, H. (2015). Poorest pupils 'should start school aged two'. BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/education-33476052 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Sanders, M. and Kirby, J. (2014). A Public-Health Approach to Improving Parenting and Promoting Children's Well-Being. Child Dev Perspect, 8(4), pp.250-257. Scott, J. and Ward, H. (2005). Safeguarding and promoting the well being of children, families, and their communities. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Weale, S. (2015). Parents of summer-born children get right to delay start of school. The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/sep/08/parents-of-summer-born-children-get-right-to-delay-start-of-school [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Part Two The chosen for this part of the assignment is Technology. Part Two A The references that will be referred to discuss the topic are: Hsin, C., Li, M. and Tsai, C. (2014).The Influence of Young Childrens Use of Technology on Their Learning: A Review. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ifets.info/journals/17_4/6.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Shields, M. and Behrman, R. (2013).The Future of Children. [online] Futureofchildren.org. Available at: https://www.futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=45articleid=200sectionid=1303 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Walters, J. (2015).Tablets and smartphones may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/01/toddler-brains-research-smartphones-damage-social-development [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Roxby, P. (2013).Does technology hinder or help toddlers' learning? - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-22219881 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Curtis, S. (2013).How technology is changing childhood. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10529785/How-technology-is-changing-childhood.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Part Two B Introduction The twenty first century has witnessed number of developments in terms of technological enhancement. These technological enhancements have not only affected the mode of working, communication and impacted every strata of the society but it has largely impacted the growth and development of children as well. There has been a regular and constant argument regarding the impact of such developments on the growth of the children. On one side of the scenario, as the children are exposed to new technologies they can avail increased scope of educating themselves, expressing themselves effectively and increases their creativity. But on the other side, there are number of risks associated with such developed technologies to which also the children gets exposed simultaneously, due to the exposure to these technological enhancement. Hence the main aspect of this part of discussion is to examine whether the technological developments impacts the child development negatively or positively. Reflection According to the BBC article- Does technology hinder or help toddlers learning? Technologies like smart phones, tablet or computers acts as contributing factor to learning due to its screen technology, which help the children in interacting effectively and have enhanced experience. In order to establish the fact the article provides the research from the University of Wisconsin that in the Society for Research in Child Development meeting highlighted upon the fact that among children aged between two to three effective response can be found to video screen as compared to those video screen that provided them with no opportunity of interaction (Roxby, 2013). But a complete opposite side of the argument has also been presented in the article according to which such habits if not curbed can result in depression or addiction. It has been further stated in the article that, any children born at the present time, by the time they attain the age of seven will spent a full year to screens. T his clearly reflects the severity of the situation. But the article further provides the readers with the fact that virtual space helps the children in developing confidence which clearly highlights upon the benefits of such developments. With the help of telegraph article- How Technology is changing childhood, the readers can have a clear idea of the extent to which children are exposed to these enhanced technologies. It can be seen from the fact the article presented that in the year 2013; approximately 3 billion on technological gifts were spent by children collectively. This clearly reflects the increased exposure of the children to the developed technologies (Curtis, 2013). Other than that, the article also discusses the risks to which the children gets exposed to due to continuous exposure to technologies like affecting the brain development of the children, adverse impact on reflective thinking and originality. Like the article Does technology hinder or help toddlers learning?, the article Tablets and Smartphone may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate also highlights upon the positive and negative impact of technology development on children. It states that the exposure to technological development may have damaging impact on socio-emotional development of children. But the positive impact of exposure to mobile devices is development of early literacy skills, enhanced academic engagement. Similarly the journal piece, Children and Computer Technology highlights upon the benefits and risks associated with increased exposure to such technologies and ways of curbing the negative impact (Shields and Behrman, 2013). As an instance the article states that the usage of the technologies has been on constant rise due to which issues like obesity rises. In order to curb the impact the piece suggests limited exposure to it and opting for alternative activities like sports. According to the article How Technology is Changing the way Children Think and Focus, the exposure to technologies have both positive and negative impact. It states that exposure to technologies impacts the memory and educational performance adversely (Curtis, 2013). But at the same time it increases the attention ability and reaction times. Hence on the basis of the discussion it can be stated that the topic i.e. impact of technology on child development as exposure to technology impacts the growth of the children significantly, which makes it essential to discussion upon the topic and determine its impact. The above mentioned articles helped in collecting information of the probable impacts of exposure to technologies on the basis of which it could be determined whether exposing children to technologies have positive or negative impact on child development. Effective practice, services and provision As already stated in the article does technology hinder or help toddlers learning? that as a result of exposure to technology with screen touch facility the children can learn effectively along with provide them with better experience as a result of more interaction. The response of the children also gets developed as a result of this (Roxby, 2013). The creativity of the children also gets developed due to the exposure to these technologies according to the article How technology is changing childhood. The article further states that exposure to technologies help the children to develop an identity. With the help of number of educational apps and services provided by these technologies their maths and logic gets boosted due to the appealing package. The article Tablets and smartphones may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate also supports this fact and states that for children use of devices are seen to have positive impact on aspects like literacy skills, ac ademic engagement particularly for patients with autism. However, the technologies can be made impactful by incorporating certain aspects in its usage. It can be noticed that the usage of technology has been on constant rise. In order to deal with it, the extent to which the children will be exposed needs to be limited (Hutchby and Moran-Ellis, 2006). As a result of constant exposure there have been number of health implications can be noticed on the health condition of the children like obesity. In order to deal with it the children should be promoted to participate in alternative activities like sports and imaginative play according to the journal piece Children and Computer Technology. Internet technology is full of elements for users of all age. As a result of which children may be exposed to elements that are not appropriate as for their age like violent videos. For this reason, if their activities are supervised and only those content are allowed to access that are needed by them then they will be exposed to elements that will help i n their development. Playing games is one of the common activities that children perform with the help of these technologies. Some of the games to which children are exposed to are seen to have educational values like SimCity. However there are games that have violent elements which makes them aggressive. In order to control the exposure of the children to such violent elements it is essential on the part parents to have effective understanding of the rating with the help of inclusion of the rating in all advertising and product packaging. Other than that abiding by policies like Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act helps in preventing information collection from children under the age of 13 without parental permission thus protecting them from varied abuse. Increased effort on the part of digital media and software industries would help in promoting exposing to the children to required technologies that would contribute in their overall development (Shields and Behrman, 2013). M edia and technology literacy should be provided to parents, teachers so that they can guide the children effectively. Conclusion From the above made discussion it can be noticed that there are number of positive and negative impact of technologies on the growth and development of the children. In the above made discussion it has stated that continuous exposure to technologies adversely impacts the memory of children, the socio-emotional development, the reflective thinking along with adversely impacts the health condition of children like obesity. Hence in order to deal with it, ways like supervising the activities, encouraging for alternative activities like sports should be encouraged that would help in development of the situation. The above mentioned adverse affects cannot take away the fact that it has number of positive impacts like increases the ability of learning; the children are engaged to it in an increased level, their response to the relevant process also develops along with helping them in expressing themselves effectively. Part 2B Reference List Curtis, S. (2013). How technology is changing childhood. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10529785/How-technology-is-changing-childhood.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Hsin, C., Li, M. and Tsai, C. (2014). The Influence of Young Childrens Use of Technology on Their Learning: A Review. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ifets.info/journals/17_4/6.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Hutchby, I. and Moran-Ellis, J. (2006). Children, technology, and culture. 6th ed. London: Routledge/Falmer. Roxby, P. (2013). Does technology hinder or help toddlers' learning? - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-22219881 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Shields, M. and Behrman, R. (2013). The Future of Children. [online] Futureofchildren.org. Available at: https://www.futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=45articleid=200sectionid=1303 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Walters, J. (2015). Tablets and smartphones may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/01/toddler-brains-research-smartphones-damage-social-development [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016].